Canadian Response to Conflict in Afghanistan and Forced Migration: Strategies for a Solution

Forced migration often occurs due to violent conflict, political instability, and social injustice. This paper examines internal displacement and forced emigration from Afghanistan, where historical conflicts, ethnic divisions, and power shifts have weakened the central government and its security apparatus, leading to persistent instability. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 was a significant turning point that caused many citizens to flee to neighbouring Pakistan and Iran. The withdrawal of Soviet forces in 1989 resulted into takeover of a large part of the country by mujahideen which led to internal fights and ultimate capture of the country by Taliban in 1996. In 2001, the United States and allied countries invaded Afghanistan and removed the Taliban government. In 2021, the US forces left the country, and the Taliban took over again. Since then, 1.6 million Afghans have been forced to flee to other countries, and 3.2 million have been displaced within their own country (UNHCR, 2023a). This paper addresses underlying grievances and promotes reconciliation between the Taliban regime and rival factions as a viable path to peacebuilding and diminished displacement. The international community can play a pivotal role in shaping a more sustainable future of Afghanistan by fostering peace and stability through inclusive governance structures and concerted diplomatic efforts.